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OK now you have a target board and a programmer next you will use the software you installed in step 2 to talk to the chip. This software is very powerful but its also difficult to use the first time. However, you should persevere and after a few times it will become (easier) to use.

Comments? Suggestions? Post to the forum!

Avrdude is a command line program, so you'll have to type in all the commands (later you'll find out how to shortcut this with a Makefile)

Under Windows, you'll need to open up a command window, select Run... from the Start Menu and type in cmd and hit OK.

Under MacOS X, you can use the Terminal program to pull up a command line interface, its in the Utilities folder

Now in the new terminal window type in avrdude you should get this response, which is basically a simple list of what avrdude can do...

There are a lot of options, lets review them quickly. Don't try to memorize them, just get a sense of what some of them may do.

-p <partno>: This is just to tell it what microcontroller its programming. For example, if you are programming an ATtiny2313, use attiny2313 as the partnumber
-b <baudrate>: This is for overriding the serial baud rate for programmers like the STK500. Don't use this switch, the default is correct.
-B <bitrate>: This is for changing the bitrate, which is how fast the programmer talks to the chip. If your chip is being clocked very slowly you'll need to talk slowly to it to let it keep up. It'll be discussed later, for now don't use it.
-C <config-file>: The config file tells avrdude about all the different ways it can talk to the programmer. Theres a default configuration file, so lets just use that: don't use this command switch
-c <programmer>: Here is where we specify the programmer type, if you're using an STK500 use stk500, if you're using a DT006 programmer use dt006, etc.
-D: This disables erasing the chip before programming. We don't want that so don't use this command switch.
-P <port>: This is the communication port to use to talk to the programmer. It might be COM1 for serial or LPT1 for parallel or USB for, well, USB.
-F: This overrides the signature check to make sure the chip you think you're programming is. The test is strongly recommended as it tests the connection, so don't use this switch.
-e: This erases the chip, in general we don't use this because we auto-erase the flash before programming.
-U <memtype>:r|w|v:<filename>[:format]: OK this one is the important command. Its the one that actually does the programming. The <memtype> is either flash or eeprom (or hfuse, lfuse or efuse for the chip configuration fuses, but we aren't going to mess with those). the r|w|v means you can use r (read) w (write) or v (verify) as the command. The <filename> is, well, the file that you want to write to or read from. and [:format] means theres an optional format flag. We will always be using 'Intel Hex' format, so use i
So, for example. If you wanted to write the file test.hex to the flash memory, you would use -U flash:w:test.hex:i. If you wanted to read the eeprom memory into the file 'eedump.hex' you would use -U eeprom:r:eedump.hex:i
-n: This means you don't actually write anything, its good if you want to make sure you don't send any other commands that could damage the chip, sort of a 'safety lock'.
-V: This turns off the auto-verify when writing. We want to verify when we write to flash so don't use this.
-u: If you want to modify the fuse bits, use this switch to tell it you really mean it.
-t: This is a 'terminal' mode where you can type out commands in a row. Don't use this, it is confusing to beginners.
-E: This lists some programmer specifications, don't use it.
-v: This gives you 'verbose' output...in case you want to debug something. If you want you can use it, but in general we won't.
-q: This is the opposite of the above, makes less output. In general we won't use it but maybe after a while you wold like to.

The ones you'll use 99% of the time are highlighted in red. Let's review them in more detail

To get a list of supported programmers, type in avrdude -c asdf (asdf is just some nonsense to get it to spit out the list of programmers) Here is my output, yours may vary a little. Don't bother memorizing it, just glance through the list.

C:>avrdude -c asdf

avrdude: Can't find programmer id 'asdf'

Valid programmers are:
dasa3 = serial port banging, reset=!dtr sck=rts mosi=txd miso=cts [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:763]
dasa = serial port banging, reset=rts sck=dtr mosi=txd miso=cts [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:750]
siprog = Lancos SI-Prog <http://www.lancos.com/siprogsch.html> [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:737]
ponyser = design ponyprog serial, reset=!txd sck=rts mosi=dtr miso=cts [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:724]
frank-stk200 = Frank STK200 [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:689]
blaster = Altera ByteBlaster [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:676]
ere-isp-avr = ERE ISP-AVR <http://www.ere.co.th/download/sch050713.pdf> [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:666]
atisp = AT-ISP V1.1 programming cable for AVR-SDK1 from <http://micro-research.co.th/> [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:656]
dapa = Direct AVR Parallel Access cable [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:645]
xil = Xilinx JTAG cable [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:632]
futurlec = Futurlec.com programming cable. [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:615]
abcmini = ABCmini Board, aka Dick Smith HOTCHIP [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:605]
picoweb = Picoweb Programming Cable, http://www.picoweb.net/ [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:595]
sp12 = Steve Bolt's Programmer [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:584]
alf = Nightshade ALF-PgmAVR, http://nightshade.homeip.net/ [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:568]
bascom = Bascom SAMPLE programming cable [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:558]
dt006 = Dontronics DT006 [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:548]
pony-stk200 = Pony Prog STK200 [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:536]
stk200 = STK200 [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:520]
bsd = Brian Dean's Programmer, http://www.bsdhome.com/avrdude/ [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:509]
pavr = Jason Kyle's pAVR Serial Programmer [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:501]
dragon_dw = Atmel AVR Dragon in debugWire mode [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:494]
dragon_hvsp = Atmel AVR Dragon in HVSP mode [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:486]
dragon_pp = Atmel AVR Dragon in PP mode [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:478]
dragon_isp = Atmel AVR Dragon in ISP mode [C:WinAVRbinavrdude.conf:470]
dragon_jtag = Atmel AVR Dr

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